· 1920’s- Oscar fischinger (German) made short films to music (komposition in blau) and worked on Disney film fantasia (1939)
· 1939-46- panarom (early jukebox) contained 20 inch screen with black and white projection
· 1950’s- television coverage of pop wanted to capture teenage audiences in the USA (American bandstand)
· 1957- Elvis Presley ‘jailhouse rock’
· 1960’s- scpitone a machine provided individual selection, play and rewind for 36 short films ( resurrected in France)
· 1960’s- TREND SETTERS Rolling stones, the kinks and the who
· Mid 1960’s- coverage of pop wanted to capture teenage audiences in the UK (top of the pops)
· 1963- Cliff Richard ‘summer holiday’
· 1964- Beatles ‘a hard days night’
· Mid 1965- around 1000 machines were installed
· 1975- a perpetuated myth that the first music video was queens ‘Bohemian Rhapsody’ which sold 2.1 million
· 1970’s- ‘serious rock gained slots on TV
· 1980’s- MTV now owned by Viacom, a major media conglomerate.
· End of 1980- the music video was an absolutely essential element in the promotion of all singles
· 1981- MTV made big claims “it will show state of the art video records of contemporary artists… highly stylised visual interpretations of music.”
· 1983- Michael Jackson’s thriller
· 1984- MTV was established as central to the music business and instituted its own version of the Oscars
· 1990’s- creation of boy bands (pop stars and pop idol)
· 1990’s- Hype Williams led way fro black artists and black directors for the likes of TLC, R. Kelly and missy Elliott
The form had started to propel some acts to mega stardom bypassing the traditional route of live performances. This was exemplified by Madonna, whose videos have always been interesting and innovative.
“Image, performance, choreography and the use of the close up have suited the success of females acts in particular.”
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